This talk develops the concept of structural health vulnerability to explain how social inequalities, embedded in structural and epistemic injustices, generate and sustain health disparities. Drawing on Iris M. Young’s theory of structural injustice and feminist analyses of vulnerability, it rejects essentialist views of “the vulnerable” and highlights the political roots of health risks. Building on recent debates in political philosophy, the lecture explores how power, knowledge, and responsibility intersect in healthcare and public health, calling for justice-oriented, participatory approaches to reducing structural health vulnerabilities.